3.d) Concept and definition of force

As is deduced from the comments on Newton's Laws of Dynamics, the new paradigm of Global Physics delves into the concepts of force and acceleration. These concepts are connected to the types of movement that have been defined.

Force / mass = acceleration
N / kg = m / s²

It is no longer possible to establish a definition of force as rigid as that of the second Law of Force or Newton's Fundamental Law of Dynamics. First of all, it is because the concept and types of movement do not always refer to mass and, secondly, because there are different types of energy or properties of the reticular structure of matter in the broad sense.

Nor can it be argued that the effects of the new types of forces are minor since they are found in all physics processes. Although quantitatively they can seem insignificant due to the traditional idea of the small deviation of light in passing close to the stars, or the small variation in the orbit of Mercury, it is not at all true that they are not important.

In economics, physics, or any other science, a partial analysis can always be carried out, but we must be aware of the limitations of such analyses so as to not misinterpret the model used.

In the physics processes of motion, not only is kinetic energy present as a result of a force caused by heat, electromagnetic energy and potential gravitational energy, but there are new types of force and energy due to the movement of globine, such as those phenomena called expansion and contraction of space in the area of Astrophysics and movements of atoms and electrons.

The concept of force, or resultant of forces, is tied to mass and acceleration by Newton's Fundamental Law of Dynamics, however, I understand it better if I associate the concept of force with energy. In this sense, the concept of force refers to energy applied in a point, or the possibility of its application in a point of space in what are called force fields.

Mathematically, it can be said that force is the partial derivative from energy in regards to space since if we make the integral of force throughout a specific space we will get energy. At this point, we will have to keep in mind the comments made in the book, Law of Global Gravitation, about the definition of energy and the problem with its units and dimensions.

With this perspective, a broader concept of force appears along with new types of forces in the extent that new types of energy appear. The types of energy are, in turn, associated with the types of movement that we have seen in the previous section.

Types of force in space
Retouched Carina Nebula Jet – NASA
(Public domain image) 

For example, a type of force that produces the expansion and contraction of the universe is that which takes place due to the accumulated elastic energy in the mass with the mechanism of its creation or compression of globine. It is possible that these types of forces create movement or displacement of stars regardless of their mass.

Another type of force of tangential nature is also derived from the potential gravitational energy, and this type of force is responsible for the curvature of light and the precession of the perihelion of Mercury. In the case of the orbit of Mercury and any mass in free fall movement, besides Newton's gravitational force, the new gravitational force depends on the velocity of mass, specifically on its kinetic energy.

The fact that the force of gravity has a component due to velocity does not greatly alter the concept of force since it is still a force of the same nature as that contemplated by Newton's Law of Universal Gravitation. And it does not alter space or time as proposed by Einstein's Theory of Relativity.

As a result, either other physics concepts are created or it ends up being necessary to modify the concept of force, making it partially independent from mass and bringing it closer to movement and energy in its various forms.

Speaking of new concepts of force, the Theory of General Relativity does something similar with the space-time continuum and gravity as a geometric effect. A major inconvenience in the relativistic attempt is that it is incorrect and, more than helping with new concepts, what it does is distort the basic concepts of physics reality and mental reasoning.

The definition of force and other physics magnitudes in Quantum Mechanics is overlooked due to being below certain levels of knowledge, properly using the Uncertainty Principle in this case. That is, Quantum Mechanics starts using the concepts of force and energy based on certain macroscopic phases and descriptions of observed reality that are merely statistical and with highly doubtful justifications.

Wikipedia proposes the definition of force as any interaction between two bodies or more. I like this definition of force for its generality but there is the problem with the definition of body since the very same Wikipedia later points out that the gravitational force affects all bodies. Surely it is a definition of force according with Newton's First Law, or Law of Inertia.

Wikipedia also mentions the four types of fundamental forces such as those that cannot be explained with more basic ones. The fundamental forces are:

• Gravitational force
• Electromagnetic force
• Weak nuclear force
• Strong nuclear force

It seems that this Wikipedia article still has not included the unification of electromagnetic force and weak nuclear force in what is called electroweak force.

As we know, Global Mechanics has unified gravitational force with electromagnetic interaction and states that the strong and weak nuclear forces have nature similar to that of the gravito-magnetic field in the whole atom. In other words, there is only one fundamental force that is the force of reticular elasticity.

Besides obtaining the unification of the four types of fundamental forces, reticular force explains the new types of forces defined by Global Mechanics, such as those that produce the expansion and contraction of the universe or the cited additional gravitational force or Merlin Force (for having managed to explain the orbit of Mercury and the curvature of light)

A more appropriate and more general definition of force than that offered by Wikipedia is, in my opinion, the manifestation at a point in space of any type of energy. Of course, if we want to talk about force fields, we can expand the concept of force to the possibility of manifestation of energy in the points of the field.

Note the relevance of the words at a point in the new definition of force.

An advantage of this definition of force is that it has simplified the concept of force by connecting it to the definition of energy and types of it. Likewise, Global Dynamics opens up the definition of force of its relationship with mass or bodies to which Wikipedia refers; in accordance with the definition of mass and other phases of globine in the model in Global Mechanics.