1.b) Quantum Mechanics Theory or Quantum Physics
The science studying the structure of matter and the elementary particles is Quantum Physics, Particles Physics or Quantum Mechanics theory.
Before stating the proposals of Global Mechanics it is advisable to understand what Quantum Mechanics theory is, its development and its limitations or weaknesses.
With a non-academic perspective the presentation of this book is addressed to experts and to the general public.
The fact that I am not a super-specialized scientist has an advantage; my point of view will match some of the questions an average reader could ask on the content and meaning of Quantum Mechanics theory.
You may download the complete online book on the topic of Quantum Mechanics in PDF format.
After an extensive study on the entries in Wikipedia, the most relevant ideas about the development and evolution of Quantum Physics can be expressed through the following points:
Historical origin
Quantum Mechanics theory emerged in the 20´s of the twentieth century with the first theories on the atom’s structure and its elementary particles; more precisely it begun with the explanation of the photoelectric effect by Einstein, giving a step towards the physical approach on the concept of the Planck constant.
Initial scientific context
There are two particular aspects affecting the initial context of Quantum Mechanics theory from a scientific viewpoint. The first one, the luminiferous aether, meaning light-bearing aether, proposed by René Descartes was totally rejected as a medium for the propagation of light; secondly, Einstein’s Theory of Relativity was just being accepted.
The strictness of the non-existence of any kind of aether slightly related with the Classic Mechanics would prevent Particles Physics to achieve a logical understanding of the forces of gravity and will condemn it to attain only a mathematical justification of the physical reality.
At the same time, as both aspects need each other, the scientific recognition of the concept of relativity of time demanded a change in the philosophy of science; converting itself into the philosophy of techniques and of utility instead of a philosophy of logical and objective knowledge.
Evolution
The best proposal of Quantum Mechanics theory was to establish a limit of physical knowledge: Heisenberg’s Principle of the Indetermination; from which, it could be possible to create logical and mathematical structures of the reality.
As scientists went on observing nature or physical reality, names were given and laws were created to explain its behavior. Consequently, in Quantum Physics are a multitude of names without any logical structure, when compared to the names of organic chemistry, and numerous laws and principles with their respective names. It seems there are more names than in all the other sciences.
Feynman Diagram
Quantum Drawing
That is to say, things are happening because the principles say so, principles or laws of a descriptive character and lacking of physical logic.
Of course, the principles and laws are good enough until a violation is observed; and then, new theories, laws and principles are created to explain the violations, with their corresponding names for the violations, the new principles and the above mentioned theories.
Quantum Technical development
Contrary to the few practical applications of Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, Quantum Mechanics theory is responsible for the tremendous technological development in the 20th century in electronics and communication systems, with all the implications of science and economy in general.
Current scientific context
The mathematical explanation of reality, skipping the most basic logic, ends up being a liability and creating artificial limits to the development of science and, much worse, it establishes the habit of accepting as science something totally irrelevant as science, which reminds me witchcraft and old wizards.
In Quantum Mechanics theory plenty of scientific theories coexist. Since its beginning, with the so called Copenhagen Interpretation, numerous theories have been incorporated just as new characteristics of the structure of matter were discovered and new possibilities opened up.
Among the mentioned theories, we can quote the Quantum Field Theory (QFT) and, as part of it, the Quantum Electrodynamics (QED) and, subsequently, the Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD).
In Wikipedia, to justify the goodness of the Standard Model it is said that until today the existence of all its particles have been proved except for the Higgs boson. I would say what remains unclear is that the Standard Model was developed to explain the observations carried out with poor advances in the model in respect to the observations, as in the case of the Higgs boson.
Due to the incompatibility between Quantum Mechanics theory and the Einstein’s Theory of Relativity, various unification theories have arisen.
The String Theory is the most famous with its even more famous 10 additional spatial dimensions. The Superstring Theory has more or less the same dimensions depending on the concrete variant; including the theory that tries to join all of them - the M Theory.
The Quantum Gravity and Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) competes with the previous String Theory, but has fewer supporters.
Less known, but more enjoyable, are the current Transactional Interpretation and the Many-Worlds Interpretation or Multiple Worlds.
The Transactional Interpretation argues there are one wave in photons that advances in time and another wave that travels backwards in time. As a consequence or effect, the cause-effect logic disappears and something new called quantum logic appears, although I would call it by a different name...
The Many-Worlds Interpretation's opinion regarding the collapse of the probabilistic wave function is that, in manifesting a particular reality, the objects of the probabilities not in fact carried out will be the concrete realities in other worlds or parallel universes.
I have a little suspicion that it will take time to prove empirically any of the last quoted theories; although thinking about other supposedly proved theories anything could happen.
As can be observed, this review on the historic development of Quantum Mechanics theory is brief and adapted to the purpose of this book. On one hand, to explain and recognize both the achievements and their impressive mathematical complexity, and the huge gaps or weaknesses. On the other hand, to propose logical solutions of physical interpretation of reality, so the mathematics tools used have the coherence they deserve.
Particles Physics is a very young science and it is under fast development, so it probably lacks a solid and structured logic for its contributions to scientific knowledge.
Continuing with the quantum logic of the to be or not to be, I hope that now I have raised the probability to understand the positive intention of the presentation of the following negative characteristics of Quantum Mechanics theory:
Discrete nature of reality
This property of physical reality is related to the Greek concept of the atom. Another thing is that sometimes Quantum Mechanics theory assigns the same discrete nature to abstract concepts such as space, time, force or speed.
The acceptance of magic
Forces in Quantum Mechanics theory emerge from virtual fields with mathematical properties without material or tangible cause. That is to say, among many other things the forces at a distant that upset Newton so much are kept.
Influence of mathematics
In fact, Quantum Physics, more than a physical theory, is a mathematical theory describing the reality without trying to understand it.
If in the elementary particle’s mathematical model the necessary properties of an object with mass do not fit in, it is said that the particle does not have mass. The fascinating thing is that scientists do not say the object has anything else from this world; but it is still called a particle!
If something emerges from nothing, they name it a virtual particle. And everybody is happy, that is the case of W and Z boson, whose existence was proven in 1983 in the CERN's accelerator in Geneva; after its prediction by the Standard Model as bosons to explain other subsequent particles.
Quantum Logic
As logic shines for its absence, the new expression quantum logic has been established by the scientific community itself.
An example of the new quantum logic is what Wikipedia says when explaining the W and Z Bosons "...that on average there is an asymmetry of mass-energy so short that it’s as though reality wouldn't even recognize it"
Other examples can be the appearance of theories with a lot of dimensions, worlds and time-travels.
They even say the human brain is not advanced enough to understand reality. It might be theirs! Well, I imagine it’s because of this quantum logic or because some brain types somewhat special. For example, those using only 1 percent of their capacities!
A theory that is not proven or demonstrated
In spite of the technological successes, the Quantum Mechanics theory is not a proven theory of physics further than its descriptive character of the observed reality. It is not even a Physics theory; it is a branch of Physics that studies the structure of matter with an uncertainty perspective, in which different alternative theories coexist.
Besides, regardless some recent attempts, more philosophic than scientific, all these theories are incompatible with Einstein’s Theory of Relativity.
To sum up, Quantum Mechanics theory has big internal contradictions and, bearing in mind the new proposals, vital changes or essential renormalization could happen in the short term.
Anyway, I believe quantum phenomenon is intensifying in areas like philosophy of existence and time; occasionally stirring the concept of quantum God.
Sometimes things are difficult to understand, in other occasions difficult to explain; it maybe the almost real story of the little Molwick, in a quantum logic’s course forspecialchildren is illuminating:
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The teacher in the course explains a quantum experiment:
"When a button is pushed, an image appears on the monitor,
detailed measures indicate that the image on the monitor
appears before pushing the bottom."
All the kids are thinking about it and are very impressed;
then the little Molwick asks:
"What happens if when the image appears someone decides not to hit the button?"
...
The children and the teachers start to think again about it.
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