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IV.3. Genetic variability

The main reason of proposing a complete new theory of evolution is the different approach to the origin and sources of the genetic variability.

While for the Darwinian theory of evolution, the genetic variability is due to random mutations, for the General Theory of the Conditional Evolution of Life it is not possible this character of the genetic variations, bearing in mind the complexity of the living beings and their quick evolution time line.

These ideas about complexity in evolutionary biology are explained in the objectives of the evolution section.

In fact, it seems that the random character of genetic variability is due to not understanding their cause and full functionality or the way they really work, so, the unknown is random for pure conventionalism.

IV.3.a) Concept, origin and sources of genetic variability

There is a problem in the terminology of evolutionary biology along with genetic variability because it normally has the meaning that uses the Darwin theory of evolution.

The first precision about genetic information is that I am referring to the genetic information that has been or will transmit to progenitors or descendants.

 
Genetic variability
(Public domain image)

 

Another one is that when I say "gene", I am referring to the genetic information transmitted and, that this one could be in different genes unless it is mentioned the opposite.

Finally, the study of the genetic variability is a functional analysis and not in its chemical or biochemical composition; therefore, in this sense the genetic information can be assimilated to the following concepts or examples:

• Source code of a computer program
• Technical definitions buildings
• Technical definitions of a car
• User instructions of a computer program

IV.3.b) Types of genetic variability

Let us see some of the multiples classifications of genetic modifications that can be done in evolutionary biology:

• Genetic variations derived from the objectives of the evolutionary system:
  
  
  • Improve the efficacy
    
    • Improvement characteristics of materials: new proteins
    • Rationalisation and simplification of the structure of the genetic code
    • Improve the functionality of any element of the genetic information
      
  • Guaranty and security
    
    • To create different genetic variations to deal with changes in environment
    • Associate the idea of structural genetic information to some of it, to know the consequences of any future change or variation
    • Keep genetic code not operative for possible future utilisation
      
  • Cohesion and compatibility
    
    • Associate the condition of verification of the genetic information with the genetic information of the other progenitor in the cases of sexual differentiation
    • Balance development of genes with the complementary characters
      
  • Optimisation
    
    • To make risky modifications of genetic information relying in the mechanism of natural selection
    • To make risky modifications of genetic information relying in the use of the method of Verification of the Genetic Information
    • Genetic variations to improve the use of the resources
      
      
• Depending on the methods of genetic evolution:
  
  
  • See type of methods.
    
    
• Origin of genetic variability
  
  
  • Accidental or random mutations/ directed
  • Internal / external (to the individual)
  • Endogenous (to the genetic system) / exogenous (environmental)
    
    
• By the nature or expression of genetic variations
  
  
  • Operative code / not operative
  • Discrete / continuous
  • Restrictive (Conditions of external verification...) / additive / special
  • Variations of genes with cComplementary character / independents / dependants
  • Immediate / not immediate (confirmation needed in next generations)
  • Initial moments (of the new being) / posterior
  • Visible (macro scale) / not visible (micro scala)
    
    
• By the mechanisms of genetic variability
  
  
  • Random / design
  • Predetermined random (random between fixed options) / Totally random
  • Simple / complex
    

IV.4. Mechanisms of genetic variability

Some terms are very similar and almost synonyms but, normally, I used them with certain special characteristics while talking about evolutionary genetics. Normally, I am thinking about human genes and human gene expression but I believe the ideas are valid for, at least, any evolution of life with sexual differentiation.

These concepts represent instrumental and functional relations between macro-biology and microbiology and between genotype and their genetic expression or phenotype.

An important note is that not always all the methods or mechanisms of genetic variability are possible.

IV.4.a) Concept of procedures, methods, processes and mechanisms

• Procedures and methods of evolutionary genetics

  These two concepts are almost the same regarding genetic variability; the first one could include various methods. For example, sexual differentiation, verification of the genetic information, natural selection characterizes as procedures, methods and even as a mechanism in evolutionary genetics.

  Normally procedures and methods are related to ideas or immaterial concepts.

• Process

  I consider them as a set of activities with a common finality.

• Mechanism of genetic variations

  A mechanism of genetic variations would be a singular process or activity that has an immediate finality or purpose.

IV.4.b) Glossary on genetic variability

 
James D. Watson
(Public domain image)

 

• Procedures and methods of evolutionary genetics

  • Check and error on gene expression
    
  • Natural selection
    
  • Exhaustive check of gene expression
    
  • Partial check of gene expression
    
  • Primary sexual differentiation or endogamic sexual differentiation
    
  • Sexual differentiation
    
  • External verification of the genetic information or its functionality (VGI)
    
  • Security copy or archive of genetic information
    
    
• Processes
  
  
  • Creation and design of genetic modifications (genetic research at cell level)
    
  • Initial development of the new living being
    
  • Growth of the living being
    
  • Choice of the partner or sexual selection
    
    
     

    NEWS ABOUT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION " Scientific progress and society. A lot to learn. The living systems depend on the management and processing of enormous quantities of genetic information…" El País 26-11-1992. Eric H. Davidson

    
     
    
    
    
• Mechanisms of genetic variations
  
  
  • Operational conditions of the genetic information
    
  • Creation of random operations
    
  • A particular activity of the decision making process