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VI. SCIENTIFIC THEORY OF EVOLUTION

VI.1. Characteristics fo the GTCEL

This theory of evolution of life can be classified from different points of view:

• Philosophical and scientific theory

  Every scientific theory has a philosophical substrate. In this case, the philosophical part is the teleological argument and the scientific side is the proposal of certain models to validate the theory using the scientific method.

• Orthogenetic and teleological theory

  Teleological theory because assigns a finality to evolution, which is to widen the sphere of freedom and as an orthogenetic theory for admitting internal factors. I am aware of this philosophical postulate while formulating the theory, but those characteristics are important, nice and they could be very certain. Nevertheless, from a scientific point of view is irrelevant the teleological argument, if the aim of evolution is to amplify freedom or not.

• General theory

  This scientific theory of evolution of life, at no time does it disagree with the established theories; quite the contrary, those theories form part of this global theory by way of point 3, as particular cases, as a consequence of different evolutionary conditions.

  In most superior evolutionary processes, genetic modifications are certain to appear due to environmental influences, random elements, trial and error processes, changes already verified and natural and sexual selection will be present, as well as a genetic interchange from progenitors.

• Simultaneously, continuous theory and scientific revolution

  The GTCEL has a continuous character because its proposals include the ideas of the previous scientific theories of evolution, especially the theories of Lamarck and Mendel's law.

  The new scientific theory implies a scientific revolution because it supposes a qualitative change in the concept of evolution of life and of any vital impulse system.

• Intuitive and of complex systems theory

  The scientific method propose to validate these proposals is the hypothetic-deductive method or the method of validation of hypotheses. This method is typically use by scientific theories that modify previous theories related to complex systems and the intuition is a big source of their suggestions.

• Methodological

  For the development of this theory has been used a methodology that may be it is not new, but very consistent with the idea of evolution, especially of those complex systems having a vital impulse.

• Scientific theory of evolution

  The purpose of the statistical research on elegant intelligence is to validate the model about the hereditary nature of relational intelligence. The idea is to prove the GTCEL (General Theory of Conditional Evolution of Life) through the detection of the existence of the Genetic Information Verification method (GIV).

  The results of the EDI statistical study have been totally satisfactory; not only does it show the hereditary nature of the scores obtained in the human intelligence quotient measurements (IQ) but also that the genetic information with less intellectual potential is the significant one, as the GTCEL states regarding the concept of conditional intelligence.
• Multidisciplinary theory

  As any theory of evolution, this one affects a wide range of other disciplines. Furthermore, to validate the theory will be necessary to use the knowledge of various disciplines.

• Provisional theory

  Despite the results of the EDI Study, the scientific theory of evolution is provisional until more empirical researches confirm it. An important thing is to remark that Darwin's theory of natural selection was never proven and it has been updated along the time to avoid inconsistencies.

VI.2. Evolutionary psychology of intelligence and memory

VI.2.a) Scientific study on evolution of intelligence

The proposed model for scientific research on the theory of evolution assumes the following hypotheses:

• Evolution with external verification of the genetic information transmitted for the studied capacity.

• Existence of a function x that measures the different potentials of the capacity.

I believe the cognitive ability represented by the IQ test fulfill both requisites of the model of evolution that we need to verify the new scientific theory of evolution.

In fact, the possibility of verifying the GTCEL through checking the existence of the method of Verification of the Genetic Information (VGI) is what makes it a scientific theory.

Therefore, in order to facilitate the understanding of the model and its statistical analysis, we are going to choose the controversial subject of heritability and evolution of intelligence. In addition, it will proof on of the main consequences of the GTCEL regarding the cognitive paradigm.

Generally accepted IQ tests measure intelligence, although many authors doubt these measurements and even the unique concept of intelligence.

Numerous studies on evolution of intelligence based on individual IQ or intelligence quotient measurements exist. The empirical research and studies on the evolution of intelligence have some contradictory conclusions, whereas in studies with identical twins a correlation of 80-85% is reached, for other types of kin relations, decreases to a 30%.

For me, the conclusion is that genetic inheritance is the main cause of the evolution of intelligence, as high correlation between identical twins demonstrates.

The low correlation in the rest of the studies on evolution of intelligence  is due to the incorrect definition of the form in which the inheritance is transmitted in agreement with the exposition of the General Theory of Conditional Evolution of Life and mendelian genetics.

Nevertheless, the IQ refer to the relative position defined by means of a standardized function  (I) of the statistical distribution of the IQ studied for the validation process of this function.

The figure shows the shape of the Normal function x (IQ), which we are going to use. For each IQ value, the function indicates the accumulated probability that the IQ of the population is the same or less than the IQ reference value.

For example x (100) = 0.5 and the opposite function x_inv (Prob) = IQ, that means, x_inv (0.5) = 100.

The result of the combination of the four genes in agreement with mendelian genetics significance will produce four different possibilities or cases. The mathematical expected average of the capacity of the new individual in agreement with the scientific theory of evolution GTCEL will be the sum of the expected averages of each one of the cases weighed by their probabilities.

EC descendant = P(D1) C(D1) + P(D2) C(D2) + P(D3) C(D3) + P(D4) C(D4)

Considering that the assumption of verification of the received genetic information, assumed by hypothesisin the study on evolution of intelligence, says that the dominant gene will be the one with less capacity, at the most it would only be possible to be expressed the potential of that gene in his integrity. Despite this consideration, I will suppose in the empirical research, for simplification, that the cognitive ability express in its totality, since it is reasonable that for a specific capacity the greater gene contains practically all the information of the smaller gene plus an additional part.

Another important aspect is that by hypothesis of the study on evolutionary psychology about intelligence, the more powerful gene (or the part of the genetic information that is associated to the studied capacity) of each ancestor cannot be measured in an empirical research since it is not expressed in its integrity because only the contrasted part will be expressed.

For that reason, it is necessary to estimate its size as precisely as we can. If we always worked with probabilities of the central value of its mathematical expected average, when calculating the correlation between dependant variables and independent ones, the errors would tend to compensate.

Although we could measure the most powerful gene related to the evolution of intelligence, it would remain the problem of the randomness of the Mendelian inheritance.

Once the IQ data of the sample studies of the empirical research is available, it will be possible to analyze the correlation between the explanatory variables defined by the model with the explained ones. [Fortunately, in the book online of the EDI Study about Evolution and Design of Intelligence are the results confirming the proposals of the scientific theory GTCEL]

Regardless the problem of the definition of intelligence in evolutionary psychology as a group of relational functions, in the present model of the scientific theory there are some simplifications to ease its presentation. For example, to make more coherent estimations of the evolution of the intelligence, surely it could be necessary to include:

• The internal improvement of the genetic information in each generation could exceed 10%.

• The affinity filter, related to the lack of contrastation of the intellectual power in its totality as mentioned above.

• Another factor, although not clear, could be the effect of the sexual selection related to the correlation of the intellectual power between genes of both progenitors.

In any case, it is possible to make preliminary studies for the estimation of the previous parameters within the scientific research of the theory of evolution.

[The three aspects mentioned above have been confirmed in the EDI Study] The book online of the EDI Study says that more than 500 millions of coefficients of determination are calculated.

Another important aspect could be the possibility of calculating the correlation of the IQ heritability with half the cases. With only those where the less powerful of the four genes is indeed the dominant gene; that is to say, that the partial correlation of that 50% of the cases would have to be around 80-90% and the expected value should be centered and with a very small variance.

[Let us remember that the preliminary analysis of the empirical research with the statistical IQ study that I have developed to validate the scientific theory of evolution GTCEL rejects this last possibility.]

On the contrary, it will be necessary to complicate the initial model of evolution of intelligence to obtain better estimations, (although now I would dare to say, more impressive). For example, the confirmation of the increase of 10% in each generation will be confirmed in the EDI Study (Evolution andDesign of Intelligence)

In the EDI Study, when estimating the model with the method of the ordinary square minimums, I am not interested in obtaining the value of the parameters. On the contrary, I am looking for the goodness-of-fit of the estimation, that is to say, its correlation coefficient (r) and its squared or determination coefficient (r²); they represent the relation between the explained variance and the total variance.

Surely, when the model of this scientific research has a bigger sample, the parameters' values will begin to be useful.

VI.2.b) Research on evolution of memory

It is necessary to indicate that the hypothesis of verification of the received genetic information (VGI) supposed in a negative form would result to a reformulation of the model to be able to do the research of the scientific theory of evolution with new genetic studies.  

NEWS ABOUT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION "It deals with people who do not relate the oral with the written word and thereby lose its concept… There is not one sole criterion for the origin and definition of this problem…What does indeed seem to be true is that it deals with a genetic difference that some individuals suffer, which is hereditary, and that basically the only thing that dyslexia causes are learning problems" El País 27-05-2002

Both assumptions comprise of the same scientific theory of the evolution and they would take place of simultaneous form for different capacities. In addition, the presence of human disease or human disorder or any other genetic trait could allow designing different genetic studies for the empirical research taking into account the mendelian genetics significance.

It would not be surprising that the capacity related to the language that has the characteristic to admit errors were consequence of the same genetic information but under the assumption of not external verification.

In other words, for the capacity of the language our brain with the information of both ancestors develops a mechanism without requiring the confirmation between both. Something similar could happen with the intuition that sometimes is very powerful but one cannot be certain about it.

 

NEWS ABOUT THE THEORY OF EVOLUTION " Oxford scientists discover a gene that specifically affects language. …a mutation of the gene they have named FOXP2. The correlation is perfect: the 15 affected members of the family carry the mutated gene, and the other 14 carry the normal gene… …The mutation does not function by means of a breakage spread by intelligence since many of those affected have normal intellectual (non verbal) levels and some have intellectual levels that are greater than their non-affected family members" El País 04-10-2001. Nature.

Logically, the potentials of the descendants will be higher when the verification of the genetic information is not required than when it is.